Explore Our Journey Here
Our Mission Statement
Welcome to the world of 'Echoes of Prejudice', a platform dedicated to unraveling the echoes of discrimination and bias. Our goal is to shed light on the parallels between fiction and reality, offering resources and insights into the challenges faced by the Hazara people in 'The Kite Runner' and Muslims in today's world. Through our podcast episodes, we aim to create conversations, educate, and inspire action against Islamophobia. Join us in this journey of understanding, empathy, and empowerment.
Understanding Discrimination
%20(2).jpg)
Recent Events Impact and what is discrimination
To understand the discrimination Muslims face today, it’s important to first define what Islamophobia actually is.
​
Islamophobia is a form of prejudice and discrimination against Islam and/or Muslims, often rooted in misinformation and harmful stereotypes. This often leads to the exclusion and marginalization of Muslim communities and individuals. Islamophobia needs to be distinguished from constructive criticism of religion; rather, it is a special form of prejudice.
The September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States continue to be a main driver in increasing existing anti-Muslim prejudice and in building widespread Islamophobia. In reaction to these attacks, fear and retaliation increased. For instance, a 2003 survey found that 34% of Americans incorrectly believed mainstream Islam supported violence. This weather was correlate directly with a sixteen-fold increase in reported anti-Muslim hate crimes, from 12 in 2000 to 93 in 2001. Furthermore, the Department of Justice estimated that underreporting had perhaps increased the number of actual incidents by 25-40 times.
Moreover, post-9/11 government policies, such as the Patriot Act, also perpetuated discriminatory action. The detention of 738 Muslims with no visible link to terrorism is a case in point. Moreover, an ACLU lawsuit against the TSA uncovered profiling of individuals based on their Muslim, Arab, and Latino identities. These instances serve to illustrate how the 9/11 attacks greatly heightened discriminatory attitudes and actions against Muslim communities in the years that followed.
Introduction of discrimination in US towards Muslim
-
From 2006 to 2015 in the United States, terrorist attacks by those who identify as Muslim received 357% more media attention than terrorist attacks by other groups despite only accounting for 12.5% of all terrorist attacks in America.
-
Following the September 11 attacks, multiple government programs and initiatives were created with the intent to keep all citizens safe. However, they have at times been used to target and discriminate against innocent Muslims.
-
In one study, 227 Muslims were asked the types of discriminatory behaviors they experienced in health care settings. Ninety-one reported being excluded or ignored, 72 reported others having issues with their Islamic dress, 60 reported offensive verbal remarks, and 6 reported physical assaults.
-
Nationally, Muslim job candidates receive a 13% lower callback rate in comparison to Christian job candidates. In Republican counties across the country, 22.58% of Christian job candidates received callbacks for interviews while only 6.25% of Muslim job candidates received callbacks.
.
​
​
​
​​
Discrimination against Muslims in the U.S. has significant negative consequences across various aspects of life. In terms of physical health, the stress induced by stigmatization can lead to hypertension, increased risk of diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease, including coronary artery calcification. Studies also indicate that discrimination can contribute to mothers having low-birth weight infants and increased visceral fat, both of which carry severe health risks. Physical harm is another direct consequence, as illustrated by the assault of a Muslim woman in a drugstore. A Pew Research poll found that roughly 6% of Muslims reported being physically threatened or attacked in the past year due to religious discrimination, contributing to 82% of Muslims feeling unsafe or extremely unsafe in the U.S. since 9/11. Furthermore, discrimination within healthcare settings, where Muslims report being excluded, facing issues with Islamic dress, hearing offensive remarks, and even experiencing physical assaults, can lead to lower quality of care and unaddressed health conditions.
The impact on mental health is equally substantial, with discrimination linked to cognitive impairments, depression, psychological distress, and anxiety. Many Muslims struggle with their individual identity due to discrimination, weakening their religious identity, which is a crucial coping mechanism for 69% of Muslims who believe religion is a critical aspect of their lives. Internalized discrimination significantly affects young Muslims, with a study finding that 1 in 3 Muslim American children (ages 5-9) did not think they could tell their peers they were Muslim, and 50% believed it was not possible to be both Muslim and American; around 16% would deny being Muslim. These identity issues can lead to anxiety, insecurity, and depression in adulthood.
In the workplace, Muslims face significant disadvantages, as evidenced by the 781 religious workplace discrimination charges connected to discrimination against Muslims out of 3,811 filed with the EEOC in 2012. This was more than double the number filed by Jewish individuals (364). Muslim job candidates also experience a 13% lower callback rate compared to Christian candidates nationally, with a starker difference in Republican counties where 22.58% of Christian candidates received callbacks compared to only 6.25% of Muslim candidates. Moreover, Muslims wearing recognizable religious attire are more likely to have shorter and more negative interview experiences, and Muslim women have lower expectations of being hired due to these discriminatory practices. Even after being hired, Muslim employees can face hostile work environments, as illustrated by legal cases involving harassment about their religion and discriminatory enforcement of dress policies against wearing hijabs, leading to demotion or termination.
The Impact of Discrimination on Muslims in the U.S.
Discrimination globally
Although discrimination against Muslims is a serious issue in the United States, it is by no means limited to this country. Around the world, Muslims face prejudice, stereotyping, and systemic inequality—from travel bans and hate crimes to workplace bias and social exclusion. This global pattern highlights the widespread nature of Islamophobia and the urgent need for greater understanding and tolerance
Discrimination around the world
In Canada, discrimination against Muslims manifests in various forms, including hate crimes, online hate speech, employment discrimination, and systemic biases within institutions. Studies have shown a rise in anti-Muslim hate crimes, particularly after events like 9/11, and these can range from vandalism of mosques to physical assaults, often targeting Muslim women wearing hijabs or niqabs. Reports indicate that Muslims may face barriers in hiring and career advancement, as well as a lack of accommodation for religious practices in the workplace. Furthermore, some policies and practices within government institutions have been criticized for disproportionately affecting Muslims, leading to feelings of being unfairly targeted. The Canadian government has condemned Islamophobia at various levels and has taken some measures to combat it, but many Muslim organizations and individuals argue that more needs to be done to address the rising tide of hate and systemic discrimination. Globally, Muslims face widespread discrimination and prejudice, often referred to as Islamophobia, which is characterized by fear, hatred, and hostility towards Islam and Muslims. This discrimination is fueled by various factors, including negative stereotypes in media, political rhetoric, and events of terrorism carried out by extremist groups, which are often conflated with the broader Muslim population. Reports from international organizations and advocacy groups highlight that Muslims around the world experience discrimination in numerous areas of life, such as employment, education, housing, and public spaces. This can range from subtle forms of bias and microaggressions to overt acts of hate speech, harassment, and violence, including attacks on mosques and individuals. The United Nations has recognized the increasing prevalence of Islamophobia and has designated March 15th as the International Day to Combat Islamophobia, emphasizing the need for global efforts to promote tolerance and counter anti-Muslim bigotry.
Across Europe, studies and reports indicate a concerning rise in discrimination against Muslims in various countries. A significant percentage of Muslims report experiencing racial discrimination, which has increased in recent years. This discrimination is evident in areas such as employment, where Muslims may face bias in hiring and career progression, as well as in the housing market, where some individuals report being unable to buy or rent property due to their religious or ethnic background. Muslim women who wear religious clothing often face even higher rates of discrimination, particularly when seeking employment. There has also been a rise in hate crimes targeting Muslims, including verbal harassment and vandalism of religious sites. Factors contributing to this trend include public opposition to migration, the rise of far-right political parties, and the influence of negative stereotypes and rhetoric in public discourse. International organizations have called on European Union member states to strengthen anti-discrimination laws and take concrete actions to combat Islamophobia and ensure the safety and inclusion of Muslim communities.
​
​
​
​
In Asia, discrimination against Muslims varies significantly across different regions and countries. In some countries, Muslims face systemic marginalization, hate speech, and violence, often fueled by nationalist sentiments and historical grievances. For instance, in China, the Uyghur Muslim population in the Xinjiang region has been subjected to severe restrictions on their religious practices and human rights, including mass detentions and forced assimilation policies. In India, there have been increasing reports of discrimination, hate crimes, and social boycotts targeting Muslims, particularly since the rise of Hindu nationalist ideologies. These incidents are often linked to issues such as cow slaughter, interfaith marriages, and accusations of terrorism. Furthermore, in some Southeast Asian countries, while Muslims form a significant part of the population, they can still face subtle forms of discrimination in areas like employment and housing, and concerns about rising religious intolerance have been voiced. The global "War on Terror" narrative has also contributed to negative stereotypes and suspicion towards Muslim communities in various parts of Asia.
​
​
In Africa, the experiences of Muslims with discrimination are diverse and often intertwined with complex socio-political and historical contexts. In some regions, Muslims may face discrimination based on their religious identity, particularly in countries where they are a minority or where there are tensions between different religious groups. For example, in some Central African nations, conflict has led to the targeting of Muslim communities. Additionally, in countries with a history of colonialism, existing power structures and biases can sometimes manifest in discriminatory practices against Muslim populations. Furthermore, the rise of extremist groups in some parts of Africa has led to increased suspicion and profiling of Muslim communities by security forces and the general public. However, it is also important to note that in many African countries, Muslims constitute a majority or a significant portion of the population and have historically played influential roles in society, although this does not necessarily preclude experiences of discrimination for certain groups or in specific contexts. Discrimination can also manifest in subtle forms of social marginalization and negative stereotypes in media and public discourse.
​
Social media depiction of muslims and how it makes it worse
American media outlets are a key factor in the rise of discrimination of Muslims in the US by disseminating false and negative facts. This occurs through promoting and reinforcing negative stereotypes branded as fact, making the public justified in their skepticism and prejudices. Studies have indicated that Muslims have been misrepresented more negatively in media over the past quarter century than even cancer and cocaine. High-profile media figures, including network program hosts and news anchors, are among those who help create this negative representation with Muslims being associated with violence and questioned for their loyalties. One of the common negative stereotypes is associating Muslims with terror and security threats, particularly intensified following a major act of terrorism, despite the fact that Muslim attacks are not primarily to blame for these acts. The media bias to cover violent acts and perpetuate earlier negative public perceptions of Muslims as violent and untrustworthy also makes this phenomenon more aggressive, perhaps at the cost of higher viewership. This amounts to extremely disproportionate coverage of radical activities to that of average everyday life in the majority of Muslims.In addition, the media depiction of Muslim women, particularly on hijab issues, has worsened the situation and become a tool for xenophobia. Muslim women are also stereotypically portrayed as being oppressed, a grievance that is sometimes framed as an insult to women's rights gains in Western societies. This reinforces increased discrimination against Muslim women and the consequent perception of them as subverting gender equality. In addition, the US media framing of US wars with Middle Eastern countries often emphasizes religious and ideological differences and portrays Muslims and Islam as inherently incompatible with American values, even when the wars are a result of economic interests. This inaccurate and biased reporting by media organizations creates and sustains the prevalent negative public perceptions of Muslims.These negative and at times inaccurate media representations contribute to discrimination against Muslims in several interconnected ways. They encourage the development and reinforcement of negative stereotypes, normalize prejudiced attitudes and beliefs through repeated exposure, and sustain dehumanization of Muslims, so discriminatory behavior is made to seem more palatable. The focus on Muslims as security threats creates fear and suspicion, resulting in heightened surveillance, profiling, and discrimination in many areas of life. These negative representations can also be invoked to justify discriminatory policies and practices, and they have a profound negative psychological and social effect on Muslim individuals and communities. Last but not least, the stereotypical media reports constitute a barrier to intergroup knowledge and understanding that prevents the formation of a more tolerant and inclusive society. Thus, balanced and responsible reporting that actively avoids stereotypes and provides a diverse representation of Muslim communities and individuals is critical to avoid discrimination.
Discover
Explore stories of Muslim individuals who have encountered discrimination and prejudice, shedding light on their experiences and resilience in the face of adversity.
Diverse Perspectives
We believe that simply understanding discrimination is not enough. That’s why as part of our mission we are committed to sharing the inspiring stories of Muslim individuals who have courageously faced and overcome discrimination. Americsnd is dedicated to amplifying their voices, fostering empathy, and promoting greater understanding. By highlighting these diverse experiences, we seek to challenge stereotypes and contribute to building a more inclusive society. Join us in celebrating the resilience and strength of these individuals as we shine a light on the unique challenges and triumphs of Muslims growing up, in not only the us but globally.
Our Mission
%20(2).jpg)
%20(2).jpeg)
Go Back to Your Country”: A Canadian Girl’s Fight to Be Seen
Sarah shares her deeply personal experiences of growing up in Montreal, wearing the hijab, and navigating life as a Muslim young person in Canada. Her journey has been filled with challenges, but also moments of strength, and hope.
Sarah’s first memory of being told she didn’t belong in Canada dates back to when she was just 12 years old. Having recently started wearing the hijab, a head covering worn by some Muslim women, Sarah participated in a mock parliamentary session in Quebec City. She had earned the privilege of attending after winning a regional young-politicians’ competition and was excited to represent her school and neighborhood.
However, on the very first day, a person approached her and asked, “What are you doing here?” Confused, Sarah explained that she was there as part of the competition. The person frowned and replied, “No, people who look like you don’t belong here.” Sarah, passionate about politics and defending her rights, tried to argue back, explaining that she was a citizen and had every right to be there. But they dismissed her, threatening to call security and saying that people wearing the hijab were not welcome. That day, Sarah left feeling as though the place she called home had no room for her.
As Sarah entered high school, the rhetoric around cultural accommodation for minorities in Quebec became even more intense. The Bouchard-Taylor Commission, which explored these issues, was in full swing, and discussions about "immigrants taking over" seemed to dominate everywhere she went. It was a constant reminder for Sarah that she would never be considered “really Canadian.”
One evening, as she walked to the bus stop on her way to sports practice, a car pulled up next to her, and the driver yelled, “Go back to your country!” The following year, at the same bus stop, someone spat at her and whispered xenophobic slurs. Each of these incidents caused Sarah to question her place in Canada, and she would often retreat to her room, crying, feeling as though she would never succeed because of who she was.
Despite the discrimination she faced, Sarah found strength in her community. She became involved in local events at her mosque, using her voice to speak out about her experiences. Sarah also worked to support other young Muslims, especially girls, by mentoring them in sports and helping them find their voice through writing and social media.
As she grew older, Sarah continued her activism by volunteering on the Board of Directors for a charity supporting Muslim women in Montreal. Though she no longer wears the hijab, giving back to the community that had supported her through tough times allowed Sarah to find peace in her experience. This involvement also gave her hope that Canada could one day be a place where everyone, regardless of their background, could feel safe and included.
The constant discrimination and xenophobia took a significant toll on Sarah’s mental health. The repeated messages telling her that she didn’t belong and that she wouldn’t succeed because of her appearance led Sarah to seek help. With the support of understanding teachers and her school’s social worker, she was eventually able to see a psychologist. Through this process, Sarah learned that asking for help is a sign of strength, not weakness, and that healing is possible.
Today, Sarah believes more than ever that the younger generation has the power to create an inclusive future. While she is still healing from the emotional wounds caused by the words and actions of others, she remains hopeful that Canada’s story can change—becoming a place where everyone truly feels like they belong.
Sarah’s story reminds us of the importance of standing up for ourselves and others, especially when faced with discrimination. Her journey highlights the power of community, activism, and self-care, and offers hope for a future where everyone can feel safe and included.
What can we do to combat this discrimination
The fight against discrimination isn't a task for the few, it's a calling for the many. Don't underestimate the profound impact of your individual choices. Speak up against injustice, educate yourself and others, build genuine connections, and choose empathy over ignorance. Your actions, no matter how small they may seem, ripple outwards, creating a wave of positive change that can wash away prejudice.